State Laws

Colorado’s NIL Evolution Colorado’s legislative journey reflects a shift from athlete rights and transparency to institutional security and competitive advantage—when athlete rights conflict with institutional competitiveness, the state protects the…

Mississippi’s NIL Evolution Mississippi has transitioned from tentative compliance to “aggressive protectionism,” constructing a legal fortress that allows universities to recruit, compensate, and retain talent with minimal external interference. Mississippi…

New York’s NIL Evolution New York’s NIL landscape is defined by a “sovereign shield” protecting collegiate institutions, a fragmented high school “patchwork,” and the nation’s most aggressive income tax enforcement…

Utah’s NIL Evolution Utah’s NIL landscape is defined by aggressive state legislation creating a “sovereign shield,” unprecedented private equity financing, and three divergent institutional strategies at Utah, BYU, and Utah…

Oregon’s NIL Evolution Oregon’s NIL landscape is defined by proactive legislative foresight (the Royalty Mandate), divergent institutional strategies between UO and OSU, and permissive high school rules that contrast with…

Indiana is one of the most polarized states in the NIL era. On the college side, Indiana University and Purdue are restructuring budgets and donor models around the House v.…

Arizona has emerged as a key battleground in the NIL revolution. Senate Bill 1615, signed by Governor Katie Hobbs in May 2025, creates a “sovereign shield” protecting Arizona State and…

North Carolina has quietly become one of the most advanced NIL states in the country. Through landmark litigation, state-backed NIL infrastructure, and early adoption of the House v. NCAA revenue-sharing…

Pennsylvania stands at a unique crossroads in the NIL revolution. Act 26 of 2021 provides the statutory foundation, while the House v. NCAA settlement drives revenue sharing at Penn State…

Tennessee stands as a primary architect of the NIL revolution. Through Senate Bill 536 and the landmark Tennessee v. NCAA antitrust lawsuit, the state constructed a “sovereign shield” that immunizes…